An Indigenous man who pleaded guilty to involvement in one of Canada’s largest ever fentanyl super lab busts could have his sentence reduced due to Liberal government laws aimed at “reducing systemic racism.”
Christopher Loyie entered guilty pleas Friday in the Court of King’s Bench in Edmonton to charges of conspiracy to manufacture fentanyl, money laundering and possession for the purpose of trafficking.
Loyie, who remains on bail, sat in the prisoner’s box last week and spoke only once, to confirm to Justice Kent Teskey that “he understands the consequences of his guilty pleas.”
Sentencing is scheduled to take place in September.
In the meantime, a “Gladue report” will be prepared to consider the role Loyie’s background as an Indigenous person played in his offending.
A Gladue report is a type of pre-sentencing or bail hearing report used in Canadian courts to provide background information on Indigenous offenders that may help inform sentencing.
It helps judges consider so-called systemic or background factors (such as colonialism, residential schools, or intergenerational trauma) that may have contributed to the individual’s criminality.
The alleged goal is to ensure “a more restorative, culturally appropriate approach to sentencing,” when possible.
Gladue reports stem from the Supreme Court of Canada’s 1999 decision in R v. Gladue. In that case, the Court interpreted section 718.2(e) of the Criminal Code, which was added in 1996, and states:
“All available sanctions other than imprisonment that are reasonable in the circumstances should be considered for all offenders, with particular attention to the circumstances of Aboriginal offenders.”
The Gladue decision clarified that judges are legally obligated to consider these factors when sentencing Indigenous people, even if they live in urban areas and not on reserves.
Bill C-5, passed in 2022 and largely coming into effect in 2023, aimed to address systemic racism and over-incarceration, particularly of Indigenous and black Canadians.
While the bill itself didn’t modify the Gladue principles directly, it complements them by repealing certain mandatory minimum penalties that “disproportionately affected Indigenous offenders.”
In this sense, Bill C-5 reinforces the purpose of Gladue reports by expanding judicial discretion and making alternatives to incarceration more viable — especially in cases where Gladue factors are present.
Christopher Loyie, who is of Indigenous, is the second man to have pleaded guilty in connection with a massive fentanyl production operation in Alberta, admitting he imported chemicals and lab equipment from China to fuel the illicit scheme.
The development comes two months after his brother, Jonathan Loyie, was handed a 16-year prison sentence for his role in what Crown prosecutors have described as one of the largest fentanyl “super labs” ever uncovered in Canada.
In Jonathan Loyie’s sentencing, he was given a reduced sentence on account of the judge acknowledging he and his family experienced “intergenerational trauma and dislocation,” which played a role in “(mitigating) Mr. Loyie’s moral culpability.”
Both cases continue to shed light on the scale and sophistication of the synthetic opioid operation, which authorities say poses a significant public health risk.
The sentences, moreover, are likely to shed light on the pitfalls of Liberal government soft-on crime laws that were originally designed to “challenge systemic racism.”
Instead, many critics say, these bills have led to repeat violent offenders and fentanyl traffickers being let off the hook — sometimes for repeat offences of the same crimes.
The investigation into the massive fentanyl production lab in Alberta began in early 2021, after law enforcement flagged large chemical shipments arriving from China, according to an agreed statement of facts presented in court.
The Canada Border Services Agency launched the probe after identifying a man, referred to in court documents as “Individual #1,” who had imported hundreds of kilograms of fentanyl precursor chemicals — enough to produce between 485 and 770 kilograms of the potent opioid.
The number of lethal doses that 485 to 770 kilograms of fentanyl could produce is staggering, given how potent the drug is. A lethal dose of fentanyl for most people is estimated to be about 2 milligrams — as such, that’s enough to potentially kill every person in Canada multiple times over.